Interactions between Plants and Beneficial Microbes A variety of biological controls are available for use, but further development and effective adoption will require a greater understanding of the complex interactions among plants, people and the environment. Biological control refers to the purposeful utilization of introduced or resident living organisms, other than disease resistant host plants, to suppress the activities and populations of one or more plant pathogens or reproduction of one organism using another organism.
Biological control of plant diseases has been considered a viable alternative method to manage plant diseases. One of the most promising means to achieve this goal is by the use of new tools based on biocontrol agents (BCAs) for pest and disease control alone or to integrate with reduced doses of chemicals in the control of plant pathogens resulting in minimal impact of the chemicals on the environment. Thus there is a need to reduction or elimination of synthetic pesticide applications in agriculture is highly desirable. Indiscriminate use of pesticide and fungicide lead to pollute the environment and cause serious effect to human health and non-target organisms. Plant pests need to be controlled to ensure food, feed and fiber production quantitatively and qualitatively. Plant pests including insects, parasitic weeds and pathogens are the most important biotic agents causing serious losses and damages to agricultural products. Plant disease Mechanism Biological control Biotechnology Sustainable Agriculture In this review, different aspects of biological control of fungal plant diseases including modes of action, application strategies, modern tools of microbial genetics or molecular techniques, which can use to improve the biocontrol activity, metabolites and products that could have important environmental benefits and outlooks, will be discussed. Biological control has the potential to control crop diseases while causing no or minimal detrimental environmental impact.
Identifying, understanding and utilizing microorganisms or microbial products to control of plant diseases and to enhance crop production are integral parts of sustainable agriculture. These BCA controlling plant diseases through various mechanism viz., hyperparasitism, predation, antibiosis, cross protection, competition for site and nutrient and induced resistance. Most sustainable and environmentally acceptable control may be achieved using biocontrol agents due to the effort to reduce the use of agrochemicals and their residues in the environment and in food. Thus, the need of sustainable agriculture will increasingly rely on the integration of biotechnology with traditional agricultural practices. To minimize these losses peoples are dramatically used pesticide and fungicide that will cause toxic effect of human health. Plant pathogens are the most important factors that cause major losses to agricultural products every year. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Received AugPublished August 30, 2012Ĭitation: Khokhar MK, Gupta R, Sharma R (2012) Biological Control of Plant Pathogens using Biotechnological Aspects:- A Review. Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology MK Khokhar 1 *, Renu Gupta 1 and Radheyshyam Sharma 2ġ Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur-313001, IndiaĢ Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur-313001, India Biological Control of Plant Pathogens using Biotechnological Aspects:- A Review Research Article
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